Chapter 11 Installation As we have already noted, installing an operating system greatly depends on what you ultimately want to get: a server, an office system, or home computer. Accordingly, there are several options for installing an operating room

CHAPTER 1. Installation. This chapter describes how to obtain the installation kit for the platform, as well as the versions of the Firebird server that you want to install on your server machine. The full version of the installer installs both the server and the client on one machine. Remote

Installation of the embedded server! ! !ATTENTION! If you have not used Firebird before, it is highly recommended that you skip this option until you have gained experience with the Firebird server and "regular" clients. You have nothing to lose by developing your first applications in

Installing Clients Installing remote clients is a fundamental part of installing your database applications on a client-server network. If you are new to Firebird and client-server networks, you are advised to skip this section until you are able to

Installing IBProvider Before installing the OLE DB provider, make sure that you have installed client part InterBase To do this, at a minimum, there must be GDS32.DLL on the computer. Usually it is located in the Windows system directory (System - for 95/98/ME, System32 - for NT4/Win2000) More details

Installing ADODB components ADO components are part of the freely distributed Microsoft Data Access Components distribution and are available for download on the Microsoft website - www microsoft com/data. To write the examples, we used ADODB components from the distribution version

Installing the Kernel After the kernel has been compiled, it needs to be installed. The installation process depends significantly on the platform and type of boot loader. To find out which directory the kernel image should be copied to and how to install it to boot,

Installing modules Compiled modules must be installed in the /lib/modules/version/kernel directory. For example, for kernel 2.6.10, the compiled fishing rod control module will be in the file /lib/modules/2.6.10/kernel/drivers/char/fishing.ko if the source code was located directly in

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Moscow State University of Economics

Statistics and Informatics (MESI)

Institute of Computer Technologies

Abstract on operating environments, systems and shells on the topic:

“Installing Windows XP. Configuring the Windows XP shell, optimizing performance"

Performer: Cherkasov Alexey Yurievich

student of group DKE-102

Moscow 2002

Introduction.

Windows XP was released on October 25, 2001. This is a uniquely powerful Operating System (OS), which is based on Windows 2000. Since this is a completely new OS, I will rely on information from the Internet.

What is WindowsXP?

This is a new OS from Microsoft, starting with which an attempt was made to combine two previously independent W9x and NT lines. This project was originally called Whisler, but has now split into two lines, WindowsXP, positioned to replace W9x and W2kPro, and Windows.NET, positioned to replace NT Server of all varieties. Regardless of the name, all of them are direct descendants of Windows2000, and continuers of the WindowsNT line. This fact determines the main features of WindowsXP. It is a fully 32-bit OS with priority multitasking. It is based on the same principles on which all NT were based. This

2.Portability. The system runs on various x86 family processors from Intel and AMD. There is already a 64-bit version of WindowsXP and Windows.NET designed to run on Intel Itanium. Implementing support for processors of other architectures is possible, but will require some effort.

3.Scalability. WindowsXP supports SMP technology. Windows.NET Advanced Server and Datacenter Server also have support for COW (Cluster Of Workstations).

4.Security system. The usual NT user-level security system has been implemented.

5.Distributed processing. WindowsXP has networking capabilities built into the system, which provides the ability to communicate with different types of host computers through the presence of a variety of transport protocols and client-server technology.

6.Reliability and robustness. The OS architecture protects applications from being damaged by each other and by itself. operating system. It uses fault-tolerant structured exception handling at all architectural levels that includes a recoverable NTFS file system and provides protection with built-in security and advanced memory management techniques.

7.Localization. The system provides opportunities to work in many countries of the world in national languages, which is achieved by using the ISO Unicode standard.

8.Extensibility. Thanks to the modular design of the system, it becomes possible to add new modules to various architectural levels of the OS.

The final build is 2600. You can find it out either with the winver command or by the XP kernel version, for example the ntoskrnl.exe file. It is possible to distinguish a pirated release from a real one thanks to the activation mechanism (Windows Product activation) built into the system. A pirated release must include tools to combat it, so if you see a folder called crack, or something like that, you can be sure that the release is pirated. If there is nothing like this on your disc, and the disc itself has all the signs of being illegal (no hologram, license agreement on paper, no sticker that changes color if you heat it with your finger), then you risk that your version will stop working within a month. However, there are also “broken” pirated releases that do not require registration at all. In addition, there are so-called corporate releases made by Microsoft for its largest OEM partners. Such releases do not require registration initially.

INWindows XP yesWindows Product Activation. This is a new technology developed by Microsoft to combat illegal copies of their software. For the first time, a similar mechanism was tested on Terminal Service, from W2k Server, but now, it seems, all, or many, subsequent Microsoft products will be protected in a similar way. The essence of the technology is as follows. After installing the system based serial number, which comes with every copy of XP, and some features of your computer generate a so-called Product ID. It consists of 20 digits, and based on it (along with the correct serial number, of course), you receive an Activation Code, after entering which Windows is considered activated. According to Microsoft, based on these two numbers they cannot find out anything about your computer. That is, complete anonymity. Perhaps this is true. If you do not do this procedure, then after 30 days everything in XP will simply stop functioning except the applet responsible for activation. You can find out whether your version of XP is activated in the System Summary window, located in the Programs -> Accessories -> System tools -> System menu Information. If you see the line Activation Status, and opposite it there is an inscription like Activation Pending (XX days remaining), then after XX days your XP will stop working. The applet that is responsible for activating XP is located in the Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Activate Windows menu. When you launch this applet, a simple wizard will open that will offer you to register your copy of XP via the Internet or by phone. After the system is activated (by any means), the Activation Pending line from System Information will disappear without a trace.

There are two kinds of versionXP – Windows XP Home and Windows XP Professional. In addition, there is a 64-bit version of Windows XP Professional made for 64-bit Intel Itanium. Later (according to Mircosoft) Widows.NET Server, Windows.NET Advanced Server and Windows.NET Datacenter Server (x86 and 64 bit edition for each) will be released. XP Home is positioned as an OS to replace the W9x, XP Professional line, as a replacement for Windows 2000 Professional. Of the significant differences between them, we can only note the lack of SMP support in XP Home. But, despite this, even XP Home is built on the NT kernel, so from October 25, 2001 (the official release date of XP) we can talk about the long-promised official death of the W9x line, and the MS-DOS ideology along with it. Windows.NET differs from XP in the presence of server-specific system services and applications and support for more powerful hardware. So, if XP Pro supports SMP only for two processors, then NET Server already supports 4, NET Advanced Server supports 8, and NET Datacenter Server supports 32.

Microsoft claims that for a successful installation XP You need a processor of at least 233 megahertz, 64 megabytes random access memory, and 1.5 gigabytes of free disk space. However, for more or less comfortable work you will need a processor of at least 500 megahertz, and at least 128 megabytes of RAM. Although, by making the interface as simple as possible, you can achieve that XP will require less memory than W2k, so if you sacrifice all sorts of bells and whistles, and visual effects, then it will be quite comfortable to work on less powerful systems. In general, if W2k runs on your machine, then XP will work, no worse, if not better. Like any OS based on the NT kernel, XP loves extra RAM, so 512 megabytes for such a system will not be superfluous at all, although it is not mandatory. At 256 Mb the system works very quickly and very pleasantly, if you do not load it with very heavy applications. If you turn on all visual effects, XP will noticeably slow down on relatively weak processors, regardless of the amount of RAM. The same effect is observed when using a weak video card. However, if the system is powerful enough, then a normally configured XP will run much faster than any Microsoft OS released previously.

As with W2k, the NT kernel has its limitations, so XP cannot be expected to be completely compatible with older software. However, compared to w2k, the compatibility situation has improved somewhat. One of the most noticeable changes is the appearance of sound in old DOS games, which was very difficult to achieve in W2k. Emulation of Sound Blaster 2 and General MIDI is supported, so now you can make such old hits as Worms, Duke Nukem 3D, Warcraft 1 and 2, Dune 2 work with sound without running around with a tambourine and third-party utilities. In addition, XP has a built-in compatibility mode with old OS. In order to use it, you need to select the Compatibility tab from the Properties of the file or shortcut to the file. In this tab, you can specify which OS you want to run the program under, and whether you need to change the resolution or color depth (necessary for many older programs).

Unlike acompat.exe from the W2k distribution, XP in compatibility mode not only reports to the program that it is not it (like the old MS-DOS utility called setver), but also emulates the Windows registry structure characteristic of a particular OS versions. If you don’t want to go through the file properties and shortcuts yourself, you can use the Program Compatibility Wizard, from the Start - Programs - Accessories button. However, you should not expect a miracle from this mechanism; 100% compatibility was never achieved, so it would not be superfluous to go to the website of the manufacturer of your program and see if there is an update for it that makes it compatible with XP. What about compatibility with older software? As with W2k, the NT kernel has its limitations, so XP cannot be expected to be completely compatible with older software.

This problemDL-hell was given the utmost attention. Moreover, this issue was approached more comprehensively than ever before. Firstly, no one will be allowed to simply overwrite any DLL in the system directory. In addition, the SFC mechanism, System File Protection, familiar to us from W2k, remains. This system monitors the main system files, and if any of them are replaced, it changes everything back. In addition, for some reason Microsoft took care of crooked programmers who cannot write normally, and they definitely need their creation to work with their own DLLs, replacing the system ones. When installing such a program, these converted DLLs will still be written to disk, but not instead of system ones. Then, when running such a program, in the case of a DLL call, it is not the system file that should be called, but a previously saved file from this particular program.

Dynamic Disk this is a physical disk on which dynamic partitions can be created; we also spent a lot of time on this section. Such a disk can only be accessed from W2k or XP. Dynamic sections can be of the following types:

1.Simple. Simple sections are practically no different from those to which we are accustomed.
2. spanned. Consists of multiple dynamic disks that are presented as a single disk. Data is written and read sequentially.
3. Striped. Multiple dynamic disks that appear as one disk. Data is written and read simultaneously to multiple disks. This, in theory, should provide twice the speed on disk operations. In practice, the increase, although significant, is less than twofold. It is better to use this mode only if you already have two disks. Otherwise, it is much more profitable to buy one hard drive, twice as large, with excellent speed characteristics, than two small and slower ones, in the expectation that they will be much faster. Of course, if you take two fast disks and combine them into Stripped Volume, they will be faster than one. However system partition cannot be Stripped Volume. In this case, it is wiser to purchase a hardware IDE-RAID controller that provides the ability to work with RAID even from DOS; in this way you can make the system partition stripe.
4. Mirrored. These partitions consist of two physical disks. Data written to one of the disks is automatically duplicated on the other. This does not provide any advantages in terms of speed, but it does provide twice the reliability of data security.
5. RAID5. Consists of three or more disks. It is a stripped volume with error control. That is, data is written to two disks, in two blocks, and on the third disk, and ECC, an error correction code, is written to the third disk, with the help of which, according to the information of any of the blocks, the contents of the second block can be restored. Moreover, the ECC code is written alternately to each of the disks included in the array. This technology allows you to use disk space more economically than mirrored volumes, but it is slower. Any of these partitions can be formatted either as FAT32 or NTFS. Dynamic disk is managed through the Disk Management section of the Computer Management window.

Note: All of these partitions, except simple, can only be created on dynamic disks.

A regular disk can be converted to a dynamic disk from the Disk Management window, but the reverse process (converting a dynamic disk to a simple one) is not always possible. For example, if the disk was created as dynamic from the very beginning, then it does not have the usual partition table, and in order to create it, it will have to be partitioned again using fdisk and formatted.
In addition, if you delete several partitions on a dynamic disk, then the free space will not be combined and the new partition, equal in size to the deleted ones, will consist of several small partitions combined into a volume set under one letter.

Task Manager- and this is one of the most powerful and convenient tools in NT designed for managing processes. It is called either Ctrl+Shift+Esc, or by selecting it from the menu that appears after right-clicking on the Taskbar. Task manager in XP consists of five tabs - Applications, Processes, Performance, Networking And Users. Let's start with Performance.

This tab shows information about the load of the processor(s) in real time (user processes in green, system processes in red), physical memory load is shown, and it shows how much RAM is occupied/free, and how much system Swap is occupied. In addition, another Additional Information, for example Threads and Processes, - the number of threads and processes currently running on the machine, Peak - the peak size of Swap during the session, Nonpaged - the amount of memory allocated for the kernel. This information can be used when it comes to answering the question of what factor in the system is the “bottleneck” that slows down the work (although it is better to use Performance Monitor for these purposes).

Second bookmark Processes, contains a list of processes currently active.

For each process, you can find out some additional information, such as: PID (Process ID), the amount of RAM used, the number of threads generated by the process, and much more. Among the useful additions that appeared in XP, it should be noted that the User Name column appeared. In it you can find out which user or system service launched a particular process. You can add/remove displayed parameters via View -> Select Columns.

In addition, certain actions can be performed with any of these processes. To do this, you just need to right-click on it, a context menu will appear through which you can end, “kill” the process (End Process), you can kill the process itself, and all the others that it “spawned” (End Process Tree). You can set the priority of the process, from the highest Real-Time to the lowest, Low. If the machine has two processors and a multiprocessor core, then another item appears in this menu, Set Affinity, which allows you to transfer the process to another processor, Cpu 0, Cpu1, and so on up to Cpu31.

Bookmark - Applications, allows you to view a list of running applications and “kill” any of them. Task Manager not only allows you to kill applications, it can also launch new applications. File -> New task (Run..). Sometimes this can be very useful. For example, if for some reason the user interface freezes, you can easily “kill” it (the explorer.exe process), and then start again. Moreover, it does not have to be explorer.exe. You can, for example, run progman.exe and get an interface similar to the W3.1 interface, or any of the external interfaces that can be found in abundance on the Internet.

Bookmark Networking. This is one of the bookmarks that appeared in Task Manager only in XP. It shows the local network load.

Bookmark Users. On it you can see the users who are currently working on the machine. If you have sufficient rights, then you can disable this user, or simply send him a message. Similar things have long been widely used in a variety of software designed to manage multi-user systems, but it was in Task Manager that this feature appeared for the first time.

After quite a long break, Microsoft is significantly changing the appearance of its OS. The basic principles of the interface remain the same, but there are simply a huge number of small and not so small changes and improvements. The first thing that catches your eye is the changed design of the system. Strict, even lines without unnecessary “embellishments” were replaced by rounded lines, soft halftones and shadows. Actually, Microsoft did not invent the “bicycle”; we could see many of the trends that were embodied in the new design of XP before, including on the PC. Like W2k, which used the color scheme that first appeared in KDE 1.2, XP uses elements of the color scheme and the design of some interface elements (for example, scroll bars) similar to those used in KDE 2.0. If anyone does not like the new trends in "computer fashion", he can easily bring the appearance of the system to a more familiar look, such as W2k or W98.

How to install XP?

There are several ways. Firstly, if your distribution CD is similar to the one produced by Microsoft, then it must be bootable. To boot from it, you need to set the “Boot sequence” parameter in the BIOS to CD-ROM, insert the CD and reboot. After the computer starts, the installation program will launch. Then just follow the instructions. This is the only method that will download directly into the installer. Microsoft believes that the CD-ROM is an integral and absolutely necessary part for the computer on which XP is installed, so the good old method of booting from four floppy disks is no longer supported.
Secondly, you can boot from a DOS system floppy disk with a CD-ROM driver and run the "winnt.exe" program in the i386 directory on the distribution disk.
Note: if your hard drive is connected to an external controller (SCSI or IDE), then do not forget to download the new XP (or W2k) driver for it and put it on a floppy disk. It will be needed if the installation program cannot correctly detect and install the device. In this case, you must press F6 when searching for such devices.

And finally, from under W9x, NT4 or W2k you can run the program “setup.exe” from the root directory of the CD, or winnt32.exe from the i386 directory, and upgrade the system to XP. It does this very correctly and before rebooting it displays a list of programs and drivers that are incompatible with XP.

However, the last method is not the most optimal. Although XP tries to independently determine the list of programs and drivers that will not work correctly with it, it is not able to do this correctly in all cases. Therefore, in order to avoid compatibility problems, it is better to reinstall the system.
There is an even more radical method of solving compatibility problems. When installing over an existing OS, you will have the option of choosing an OS (Dual boot).

Note: After installing XP as a separate OS, normal operation of Outlook Express and Internet Explorer in Windows 9x will be impossible, because W2k will replace the latter. This is only true if both OSes are installed on the same disk partition. But, this problem can be solved by copying some DLLs from WinNT\System32 to Windows\System. To determine the required libraries, you can use the ShowDep program (<#"1.files/image007.jpg">

The legendary and beloved Windows XP has not been supported by Microsoft for more than a year, but continues to remain quite popular among users. The reason for this is its amazing stability and performance, plus a convenient and familiar interface.

If for some reason you decide to return to this version of the OS from Microsoft or are faced with the need to restore its functionality, then it will be useful for you to remember how to install Windows XP.

What you need

First, let's figure out what you should have on hand to successfully install Windows:

In addition, if you do not have an installation disk, you will need special software to create one. Fortunately, such utilities are distributed free of charge, and therefore there should be no problems downloading them.

If you do not have an installation disk, you will need to create one. To do this, it is better to use Windows XP SP3, downloaded from a reliable source and not burdened with a huge number of additional programs and features.

Ideally, the downloaded assembly will be as close as possible to the original distribution. Then the chances that the system will install and work correctly are very high.

You can create an installation disk using any program that supports burning ISO images. Let's take the DeepBurner utility as an example.

As an alternative, you can use the UltraISO utility, which will also burn the distribution to disk without any problems. Another option is Ashampoo Burning Studio.

BIOS setup

After creating the disk (if you did not have the original media), you need to change the BIOS settings by adjusting the boot order.

Insert the disc into the CD/DVD-ROM and restart the computer. Open BIOS. This can usually be done using the F2, Delete or F12 keys. The specific key must be indicated on the start screen that appears immediately after starting the computer.

Depending on the BIOS version, the location and name of the partitions may change. In any case, look for the item called “BOOT”.

The "BOOT" section may be visible or hidden in other sections - for example, in "Advanced BIOS Features".
You need to set the boot priority: the disk drive should be first, then the HDD. Changing the boot order in the BIOS is done using the PageUp/PageDown keys or the arrow keys on the keyboard.

Press F10 to exit the BIOS, saving the new system boot settings.

System installation

After exiting the BIOS and rebooting, you will be taken to a screen that says “Press any key to boot from CD.” Follow the request and press any button on the keyboard.
The installation menu should appear on the screen, where you can see how to install - in manual mode or automatically. It is recommended to select manual mode.

will appear blue screen labeled "Installing Windows". Wait until the system configuration check is completed.
On the next screen you will see the installer's greeting. Press "Enter" to proceed to the Windows installation.
A “License Agreement” will appear (if you are using the official distribution and not a build like Zver). Press F8 to accept the terms of the agreement.
If you already have a system partition, select it. If you have a new one HDD, then you will have to create a new partition where the Windows files will be copied. To perform this procedure, press the "C" key.
Select NTFS (Fast) formatting and run it. The formatting process will erase all files stored on the system partition, so make sure that there is no important data on it.

After formatting is completed, copying Windows files will begin.
When the files are copied, the computer will reboot.

Attention! When starting your computer, you must select to boot from drive C, otherwise you will start the system installation process again.

Next, the installation of the system on the computer will begin. You only need to specify some parameters, for example, language:
After some time, another window will appear asking you to enter your name. It can be anything.
Enter license key product if you have one. When using various free assemblies, you usually do not need to specify a license key.
Enter your computer name and password if you want to protect your system from unauthorized access.
Change the time, date and time zone if they are determined incorrectly.
Wait for the installation to complete – it usually takes about 40 minutes.
After this, you will see a greeting and the long-awaited Windows desktop with familiar hills.

Installing drivers and useful programs

Sometimes additional programs are installed immediately after the Windows installation process is completed. This usually happens when installing not the original distribution, but an assembly downloaded from the Internet.
After completing the system installation, proceed directly to installing the drivers. First install software motherboard and network card, then add drivers for your video card and other hardware. Don't forget to restart your computer after installing the next driver package.

The main problem when installing software on Windows XP is compatibility with the system. Many programs and device drivers simply will not install correctly, which will lead to incorrect operation of the computer. Therefore, it is important to choose the right software, taking into account Windows version and its capacity.

After installing everything necessary for correct operation components, you can proceed to setting other parameters - for example, appearance. Install the theme on Windows XP if you want to make your system different from others or to modernize it a little.
Would you like to add convenient mini-applications to your desktop? Install gadgets on Windows XP and manage their location on the desktop. The main thing here is not to overdo it and not to overload the system with externally attractive “tricks” that do not provide any practical benefit.

Conclusion

Now you know how to install Windows XP from a disk. Finally, let’s once again go over the main points that you must remember when installing the system if you want everything to go without errors.

Use the original distribution or a build as close to it as possible. There is no need to install various super assemblies, which are stuffed with additional programs and functions.

Prepare a disk with drivers for the motherboard and network card in advance. Find out in advance whether your hardware is compatible with Windows XP; if you have new computer, some problems may arise.
If you categorically do not like the latest versions of the OS from Microsoft, think better about installing Windows 7. Although “Seven” is also no longer supported by Microsoft, it is a more modern system, and therefore there will be much fewer problems with equipment compatibility when using it.

PrefaceThis article examines the most real-life situation: installing the new Windows Vista operating system on top of Windows XP (with Service Pack 2), and this is not a synthetic test conducted in a laboratory. The subject is the author of this article himself, who will sacrifice on the altar of science his current home system, which is used every day for games and work, with a dozen or so installed applications, mail client with correspondence, network connections of the local Internet provider, etc., etc. A sort of “deadly number - performed for the first time”, based on the results of which in the final conclusions I will either recognize the possibility of the current painless transition to Windows Vista or... Or, in the worst case, I will join the number of Microsoft accusers, if not all mortals, then certainly in a number of specific sins for sure :).

In the second part of this short article, a freshly installed Windows Vista system will face another test - an almost complete change of computer hardware - motherboard, CPU, video card, RAM. In fact, all that will remain is a hard drive with Windows Vista and a DVD-RW/+RW drive. How will the operating system survive such abuse? We will also learn the answers to these questions during our experiment...

Part 1: Installation over Windows XP

Preparation

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro 4.0
PaintShop Pro 9
K-Lite Mega Codec Pack 1.66
Microsoft .NET Framework (versions 1.1, 2.0, 3.0)
Microsoft Office 2003
PowerDVD version 6
Kaspersky Anti-Virus 6.0
"Guild 2" (game)

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro from Agnitum Ltd. before upgrading from Windows XP to Windows Vista - must be uninstalled, and when installed after switching to Windows Vista - may not work due to lack of compatibility.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus 6.0.1.411 from Kaspersky Lab must be uninstalled before upgrading from Windows XP to Windows Vista, and when installed after switching to Windows Vista, it may not work due to lack of compatibility.

Potential problems using the Windows Messenger IM client version 4.7.

There may be a slight limitation in the functionality of ABBYY Lingvo 9.0 Multilingual Dictionary from ABBYY (BIT Software).

There may be a slight limitation in the functionality of PowerDVD version 6.

There may be a slight limitation in the functionality of the Citrix ICA client.

No driver information available: Creative Audigy Audio Processor (WDM) from Creative Technology, Ltd.

No driver information: Creative Game Port from Creative Technology Ltd.

Agnitum Outpost Firewall Pro 4.0.1005.7229. Unfortunately, the problem cannot be solved, and the application will have to be deleted:
"The current version of Outpost Firewall 4.0 and the upcoming Outpost Security Suite 2007 are not compatible with Windows Vista. However, Vista-compatible versions of both products are in development and will be available to all registered users of Outpost products free of charge with a valid license."

Kaspersky Anti-Virus 6.0.1.411. After updating to version 6.0.2.621, the product became fully compatible with Windows Vista.

Windows Messenger version 4.7. Windows application Messenger version 4 - installed automatically when Windows installations XP. Using one of the many fine-tuning utilities Windows settings XP - Windows Messenger version 4.7 has been removed from the system.

ABBYY Lingvo 9.0 Multilingual Dictionary. The application is left in the system to check its functionality under Windows Vista.

PowerDVD version 6. The application is left in the system to check its functionality under Windows Vista.

Citrix ICA Client. The application is left in the system to check its functionality under Windows Vista.

Creative Audigy Audio Processor (WDM) driver. The driver update will occur after installing Windows Vista.

Creative Game Port Driver. The driver update will occur after installing Windows Vista.

Steps to take before upgrading or installing Windows
To upgrade to Windows Vista...
To install a new (clean) copy of Windows Vista...
What you need to know before installing Windows Vista

When is it possible to upgrade to Windows Vista?

Windows XP with the following interface language packs installed: Bulgarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, Thai, Ukrainian, Croatian, Estonian.

Windows XP Media Center Edition: Danish, Spanish, Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong), Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Turkish, Finnish, Czech, Swedish.

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition: Hungarian, Danish, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Turkish, Czech, Finnish, Swedish.

Continue with installation

Desktop Wallpaper - carefully preserved.

All icons on the Desktop are saved.

All icons in the Quick Launch area are saved.

After completing the wizard for switching from Outlook Express to Windows Mail ("Windows Mail")...

...We see complete preservation of mail accounts and archives of e-mail correspondence.

All Favorites links in the Internet Explorer web browser are saved.

Documents in the My Documents catalog are saved.

The entire history of opening documents in applications like Word and even third-party applications like PaintShop Pro 9 has been preserved.

Part 2. Changing the system hardware

There is no information about the video card yet - it is in the process of being “identified”

Conclusion

useful links

Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor: link

Windows Easy Transfer: link

Windows Marketplace Upgrade Options Tool (about 1.35 MB): link

If you decide to install Windows XP on your computer, then first of all do the following.

Copy all the necessary information from hard drive on floppy or compact discs. Otherwise, you may lose it forever.

Check for drivers for your sound card, modem and printer.

Remember or write down the Windows XP activation key.

Check your computer for viruses.

Disable your antivirus software, otherwise Windows XP installation may fail.

When installing Windows XP on old computer Find out if a BIOS update is available. If not, then you must abandon the installation.

After that, insert the installation CD into the drive. The startup wizard will offer you a choice: install Windows XP or check the system for compatibility (Fig. 2.1).

Rice. 2.1. Start installing Windows XP.

Note.

There are now many CDs available with different installation options for Windows XP Home Edition and Professional. Some CDs launch an installation program in which you need to press one button - and all operations such as formatting, installing updates, checking computer components for compatibility with the operating system, preliminary configuration, and selecting a file system (FAT32 only) will be performed automatically.

After installation, you need to set the time and install the missing drivers - and the computer is ready to use. But despite all this, I strongly recommend that you read this book carefully, since in most cases you will have to choose the sequence of actions yourself (Fig. 2.1). And if suddenly a failure occurs during installation, then you will know what to do.

So, in the one shown in Fig. 2.1 window, select Check system compatibility. Windows XP supports a fairly extensive set of hardware, but it's a good idea to examine your computer's hardware before installation. After checking, you will see on the screen the whole truth about your computer.

If the verification was successful, you can install the operating system. But it may happen that the processor, video card or modem is hopelessly outdated or there are simply no suitable drivers for them on the installation CD.

If the testing program does not like the processor, video card, or some other vital device for your computer, then you should refuse to install Windows XP. True, the program may offer to connect to the Internet and will indicate the path to the manufacturer’s website, where new drivers may be located. Of course, I don't know how reliable your phone line or Internet connection is - so see for yourself. In general, if any failure occurs during the installation process, which is extremely undesirable, you can continue the installation even after turning off the computer's power (for example, the next day or a week later). However, there is a small chance that your computer will not start at all.

If the checking program does not like your modem, printer or some other not-so-essential device (of course, these devices are important, but without them the computer can work quite well, but, for example, without a processor it cannot), then you can do one of the following actions:

Abort installation;

Continue the installation by connecting to the Internet to download drivers and updates;

Continue installation without connecting to the Internet.

You can install the drivers yourself later (see section “Installing video card drivers”).

The next installation step is to select a file system. I talked about the file system above, because at the time of installation you should clearly understand whether you will format your hard drive in FAT32 or NTFS.

You may not format the hard drive, but install Windows XP as an update to Windows 98, 98SE, Me, NT or 2000. But remember that a lot of “garbage” from old and deleted programs will remain on the hard drive, and, most likely, some errors in a previously installed operating system, many duplicate files will appear, occupying disk space. At the same time, do not forget that updating the operating system is the safest way to install new version Windows.

And if you are doing this exciting activity for the first time, then choose the update.

Additionally, if you have enough free space on your hard drive and Windows XP does not have Service Pack 2 (SP2), then after upgrading your operating system, if it fails, you can uninstall Windows XP and revert to the original operating system from which you upgraded. Most programs installed before the Windows update will be retained.

If the update was performed from Windows 98, 98SE or Me, then you can cancel it even if you have the second service pack (SP2).

To uninstall Windows XP, follow these steps.

1. Start restarting your computer. During the boot process, press and release the F8 key. This will boot the operating system into safe mode– not all drivers will be loaded.

2. Log in using an administrator account. On Windows XP Account administrator is assigned by default.

3. Run the Start? Control Panel, and then double-click Add or Remove Programs.

4. Listed installed programs Look for Uninstall Windows XP and click Uninstall. The screen will ask you: Are you sure you want to remove Windows XP? In response, click the Yes button.

The Windows XP operating system will be removed from the computer, and after rebooting you will be able to work with the previous system. If you don't see Cancel installation of Windows XP in the list of installed programs, you will have to return to your favorite version of Windows by running the installer from the command line.

Note.

The update is possible when using Windows 98, 98SE, Me or NT Workstation 4 (with Service Pack 6). Windows 2000 Professional can only be upgraded to Windows XP Professional.

Further installation of Windows XP is so easy that it deprives the user of the pleasure of clicking the Yes button. All you have to do is sit back comfortably in your chair and watch commercials about the advantages of the Windows XP operating system.

Attention!

Don’t worry if during installation your computer periodically shows no signs of life for 10–15 minutes, maybe even more if the components are old. He wasn't stuck, he was just lost in thought.

The installation program is designed in such a way that no errors occur during recording to the hard disk. If, for example, you have old hard drive, then the installation speed will be reduced to such a level that the hard drive is able to normally store information. Why should you rush, sit and train your willpower.

Some impatient users bring computers to the workshop with half installed Windows. On average, installing Windows XP takes 1.5 hours, but it can take much longer.

When updating the operating system, when there is a lot of free space on your hard drive, it is useful to copy the installation files to drive C: or any other drive if you have several of them. Then the installation will go faster and there will be no errors during installation due to possible malfunctions of the old CD drive, and when adding any components there will be no need to insert a CD with the operating system, since the installation files packaged by the archiver are always are on the hard drive.

If you want to participate in the installation process (rather than just watch it) and the distribution allows you to select components manually (regardless of whether it is a full installation or an upgrade), then select Manual selection of Windows XP components. Then you can safely turn off Accessibility Features, Internet Games and in general everything that you don’t need for work. If you have a copy on the C: drive or the Windows XP installation CD, any program can be installed later.

Installing a new operating system is more complicated than updating, so let’s look at this option in more detail.

As a reminder, you need to scan your computer for viruses, disable antivirus software, see if a BIOS update is available, copy all the information you need from your hard drive to floppy or CD-ROMs, check for drivers, and remember your Windows XP activation key.

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into the drive. Depending on your CD configuration, do one of the following:

Restart your computer. The boot program will go as far as testing the CD drive (Boot from CD), and something similar to DOS will appear on the screen.

Use the cursor keys (? and ?) and Enter to select required action: Emergency boot (useful feature if the computer cannot boot from the hard drive), Boot from drive C: (select this option if you change your mind about installing Windows XP) or Installing Microsoft Windows XP.

The installation process will begin. Try not to miss the corresponding message, otherwise you will have to restart your computer again. You are given 30 seconds to think. This is quite enough, especially since if you press any key, then the time is not limited. The period of 30 seconds is the control time. (For example, if you or your child mistakenly restarted the computer with the Windows installation CD inserted into the drive.) If you do nothing for 30 seconds, the computer will boot normally.

Attention!

Some computers may not boot from a CD automatically. In this case, you need to reconfigure the computer's BIOS.

Run the automatic installation of Windows XP (see Fig. 2.1).

Some CDs support both options. If you choose the first option, the installation is controlled by programs built into your computer's processor. If there were serious problems with the previous operating system, then choose the first option.

The installation process, supported by the Startup Wizard, is controlled using the operating system you want to install Windows XP instead of. The initial steps with the startup program are easier.

Further actions are no different for the first and second options.

2. In the one shown in Fig. 2.1 window select Check system compatibility. Three options for further actions will be available in a new window (Fig. 2.2).

Rice. 2.2. The second step of installing Windows XP.

Select Automatic system check. Click on Compatibility Site if you have a reliable Internet connection. It is worth noting that this procedure will not take much time.

3. The section More about the installation process (see Fig. 2.1) provides reference material and recommendations for installing Windows XP. All installation instructions should be carefully read before installation. This item may not be present in the installation window.

4. The Install additional Windows components item (see Fig. 2.1) is convenient if you have Windows XP installed and have saved the CD from which the installation was performed. During operation, for example, the Spider Solitaire game or the Outlook Express email program were mistakenly deleted. Don't reinstall the system because of this! Select Install additional Windows components, check the required boxes and click Next (Fig. 2.3). You can, of course, install the missing components from another Windows XP CD, but I would not recommend taking the risk.

Rice. 2.3. Installing additional Windows components.

Note.

There is a more reliable way to restore additional Windows XP components. Open the Add or Remove Programs window from the Control Panel, click on the Add Windows Components button on the left, check the box for the program that was accidentally removed, and click Next. If the operating system does not like your CD, a warning will appear indicating that this component cannot be installed. If everything is fine, the program will be installed.

The Windows Component Wizard window will look the same no matter how you access it.

5. The Perform other tasks item (see Fig. 2.1) is needed only by experienced users: it allows you to set remote control Desktop, home or small network, etc. (Fig. 2.4).

Rice. 2.4. Perform other tasks.

Let's skip it. By the way, this item may be missing.

6. Click in the window shown in Fig. 2.1, under Installing Windows XP. The Windows XP Installation Wizard window will open (Fig. 2.5).

Rice. 2.5. Selecting the installation type.

From the Installation Type drop-down list, you can select one of the following options:

New installation.

Restore Windows XP. Select this option if Windows XP is installed but is not running well. The recovery must be performed from the same CD from which the installation took place. The computer settings and your data, except for drivers and video card settings, should be preserved, but it would be a good idea to copy all personal files to floppy disks before restoring. Some programs will have to be reinstalled.

7. If you selected the New installation type and clicked Next, the license agreement will appear on the screen. Read it and accept or reject the terms of the agreement. You must accept the terms of the agreement to continue with the installation. We accept them.

8. The next window displays conditions that allow you to re-create partitions on your hard drive. Re-partitioning is useful when combining several small partitions into one larger one, or when installing multiple operating systems (in which case you should create multiple partitions, since each version of Windows is installed on a separate volume). If you need to partition, follow the instructions. This procedure is described in more detail in Section. "Installing two operating systems."

9. Select the file system and the desired format method (fast or slow), and then press Enter. When you select the Format disk option, all information from the hard drive will be deleted. No “old sores” will be inherited.

Attention!

When formatting a volume, files are deleted and the hard drive is checked for bad sectors. Most of the time is spent checking the hard drive. If the quick format mode is selected, then files are deleted from the partition, and the hard drive is not checked for bad sectors. This mode should only be used if you are sure that the hard drive is working properly, since writing system files to damaged areas of the hard drive will make the operating system impossible to operate.

Disconnecting your computer from the network while formatting the drive can cause serious problems.

10. The program will format the hard drive, copy the original installation files and restart the computer. After this, the installation of Windows XP will continue.

11. In the Program ownership settings field, enter your name.

12. The installation program may ask you to enter a key, but in some versions registration will be required the first time Windows startup XP.

Attention!

The 25-character code is written down on paper before Windows installation begins. The code may be on the box of the installation CD or in a file on the CD. Often such documents are marked with a # sign or called Read Me, Readme, Serial.

13. Enter and remember (or better yet, write it down somewhere) the administrator password.

14. Set the date and time.

15. In the Workgroup or Domain window, click Next.

16. The Windows XP installation process will continue. Once the installation is complete, your computer will restart and you can begin working.

Some installation CDs may not contain certain items. Sometimes there is only the Install Windows XP item. The fewer options you have to choose from, the easier it is to install Windows. However, some experienced users like to configure everything themselves, especially since the default settings are not always suitable for work and will still have to be changed. However, if you accidentally mix up the current year out of excitement, then nothing bad will happen. You can change it to the desired year at any time convenient for you after installing the operating system, since most parameters can be changed and adjusted. The main thing is not to confuse the file system.

If you have problems with the CD drive, you can also install using six floppy disks. Bootable floppy disks must first be downloaded from the Microsoft website (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310994). When copying, be sure to label or remember the floppy disk numbers. When all the disks are ready, insert the first one into the floppy drive and restart the computer. The Windows XP installation process will begin. After finishing working with the first disc, a message will appear on the screen indicating that you need to insert a second disc. Insert a second floppy disk, etc.

Formatting, partitioning, file system selection and other settings are the same as when installing from a CD.

Some distribution CDs allow you to install service packs without reinstalling or upgrading Windows XP. The Service Pack can also be downloaded for free from the Internet.

Operating systems are created by people, and people, as we know, can make mistakes. During the operation of the system, errors appear, and programmers find ways to eliminate them. To eliminate possible errors, update packages appeared: Service Pack 1 and 2.

If you already have the Windows XP operating system installed on your computer, which works without failures, then you should not change the system because of a new package that has appeared. You can install the Service Pack on your existing Windows XP. All service packs are installed in numerical order. It is possible to install SP2 without first installing SP1.

Let's consider the advantages of the second package Windows updates XP (Service Pack 2).

Improved search and sharing of information on the Internet thanks to new technologies.

– You can block most pages that open without your permission, giving you more control and improved online performance.

– Outlook Express uses a new Attachment Manager that isolates files from the content on your hard drive when you open them. This prevents the possibility of infecting the system with a virus or other dangerous code.

– New built-in Windows firewall is turned on by default and helps protect your computer from viruses and attacks from the Internet.

Make it easier and faster to manage your security settings and updates with Windows Security Center, designed specifically for Windows XP.

The latest software and hardware developments from Microsoft: new drivers and updates will help you work more efficiently and securely with Windows Media Player, DirectX, etc.

To install SP2, you need a computer with Windows XP, a CD drive (if you are installing from a CD), a processor with at least a 233 MHz frequency, 64 MB of RAM or more, and 900 MB of free hard disk space.

Attention!

Update packages for various versions of Windows have been released in the past. They were called the same: SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4. If you have Windows XP installed on your computer, then the update packages must be specifically for Windows XP. Be careful not to get confused.

Before installing two operating systems, you should understand that each operating system takes up valuable disk space and file system compatibility issues may arise. Each operating system is an independent world, living by its own laws and requiring its own software.

For example, you installed and configured a driver for a video card in Windows XP Professional. You launch a second operating system (let's say Windows 95) and install a driver for the video card that is compatible with Windows 95. You have installed Microsoft Word in Windows XP, launch Windows 95 and install Word that is compatible with Windows 95. All optimization settings and maintenance work for each operating system are carried out separately, according to their own rules.

Attention!

Drivers and programs must be compatible with the version of Windows in which you install them.

Not all older programs work in Windows XP Professional. Some members of your family may prefer one version of Windows over another. Perhaps these are the only reasons why you should install two operating systems.

Installing two or more operating systems with the FAT file system must occur in the following order: MS-DOS, Windows 95 or 98, and then Windows XP. You understand that it is not necessary to install all modifications of Windows, but the versions that were released earlier are installed first.

Installing two or more operating systems with the NTFS file system follows the same criteria as with FAT - first install the versions that were released earlier.

But before installing two or more operating systems, you need to create several volumes. Of course, your computer's hard drive may have been partitioned long before you decided to install Windows XP, and you simply want to replace one of your installed operating systems with Windows XP. Then the installation occurs exactly as described in section. “Installing one OS - Windows XP”, taking into account everything that has been said about file systems. But we'll look at how you can split a single hard drive into two or more partitions and how to merge existing partitions using the partitioning and disk formatting tools built into Windows XP Setup.

Read section carefully again. “Installing one OS - Windows XP” to the eighth point.

Creating new sections is a very responsible operation, so all actions are commented in detail and explained on the screen during its implementation.

Using the cursor keys (? and?), you can select a section or free area. Press D to delete an existing partition, then L to confirm deleting the partition (or press Enter, then L if it's a system partition). Repeat the described steps as many times as you want to delete partitions.

Press the C key to create a new partition based on the free space and enter the required size for the new partition (for example, 8 MB). Press Enter to create the maximum size partition. If you need to create additional sections, then repeat this procedure as many times as you want to create partitions.

You can use the arrow keys (? and ?) to select the partition where you want to install Windows XP. Then you need to press the Enter key and select a formatting method.

Leave the current file system.

Formatting a partition using the FAT “Fast” file system.

Formatting a partition using the FAT file system.

Formatting a partition using the NTFS “Fast” file system.

Formatting a partition using the NTFS file system.

Note.

Not every installation disc supports all five formatting options.

Press Enter.

If you have multiple operating systems installed on your computer, you can select one of them to load by default. To do this, after installing all operating systems and restarting the computer, find the My Computer icon on the Desktop, right-click on it and select Properties from the context menu. In the window that opens, go to the Advanced tab and in the Startup and Recovery area, click the Options button. The Download and Recovery window will open (Fig. 2.6).

In the Loading operating system area of ​​the window that opens, from the Operating system loaded by default list, select the required system, and then click OK at the bottom of the window. Now, when you turn on or restart your computer, the selected operating system will load.

To manually edit the location order and set the default operating system, we remain in the Boot and Recovery window. In the Operating system loading area, to the right of the Edit boot list manually inscription, click the Edit button and make the necessary changes in the window that opens. But be careful when editing boot parameters manually - your computer may not start at all. If you don't quite understand how to edit boot options manually, then remember this setting and never change it (or even open it).

or manually enter the desired time during which it will be possible to select any system installed on your computer. After this time, the default Windows system will begin to boot.

After installing Windows XP, it is advisable to install video card drivers. Those video card drivers that are installed with Windows are not the best option.

Take the CD that came with your video card and insert it into the drive. Find the required driver and install it. You can also download the driver from the Internet, extract it from the archive into a separate folder and install it on your computer.

Note.

A device driver is a small program that allows the operating system to interact with specific computer components (modem, printer, video card, etc.). Drivers are a very important component in the operation of a computer. Windows XP has improved driver verification tools to ensure maximum system stability. Like any program, drivers become outdated and need to be replaced with newer ones. It is advisable to change video card drivers once a year, but for a mouse you can always use the driver installed with the operating system.

If you are not exactly sure of the correctness of your choice, you can ask the computer to select the necessary driver located on your CD, floppy or hard drive.

Execute the Start command? Control Panel and in the window that opens, double-click on the System icon. The System Properties window will open (Fig. 2.7).

Rice. 2.7. Properties of the system.

Go to the Hardware tab and click the Device Manager button. In the window of the same name, click on the “+” icon to the left of the Video adapters item, and then right-click on the name of the video card (for example, NVIDIA GeForce2 MX/MX 400). In the context menu that appears, select Update driver.

In the Hardware Update Wizard window that opens, you can set the switch to Automatic installation or Install from a specified location. If the driver is located on a floppy disk, then select Automatic installation. If the driver is located on a CD or hard drive, then set the switch to Install from a specified location. Click the Next button.

If the driver is on a CD, then you can select Search on adjacent media, and if on a hard drive, select Include the following search location. Click the Browse button, specify the folder with the drivers and click OK.

The computer itself will select the best driver and install it. It may happen that all the proposed drivers are not suitable for one reason or another. In this case, you need to find others. You can, of course, install drivers by force, but I don’t recommend experimenting - Windows knows what it’s doing.

Drivers in Windows XP are checked before installation for compatibility with the operating system and for reliability during operation. Verified device drivers are the most reliable in operation, which ensures maximum system stability.

Drivers for all devices are installed and updated in a similar way.

Attention!

If any problems arise with your computer (the sound suddenly stops, the printer does not want to print files, etc.), open Device Manager. Devices with incorrect installed drivers will be marked. In this case, you need to reinstall the drivers.

You must understand that the cause of the malfunction can be anything: you turned off the sound on the Taskbar or forgot to refill the printer cartridge. But before you take your computer for repair, check the device drivers.